Aria2 is a lightweight multi-protocol & multi-source command-line download utility.It supports HTTP/HTTPS, FTP, SFTP, BitTorrent and Metalink. Aria2 can be manipulated via built-in JSON-RPC and XML-RPC interfaces. Linux Mint is the distro that you probably want to use if you don’t pick Ubuntu GNOME.It is based on Ubuntu and its developers are determined to fix all the issues that Ubuntu users complain about. Linux Mint is, in a manner of speaking, a cooler Ubuntu, and its UI is easy to navigate. It will be a good pick to run on your Mac. Radare is a portable reversing framework that can Disassemble (and assemble for) many different architectures; Debug with local native and remote debuggers (gdb, rap, webui, r2pipe, winedbg, windbg). Gotify-CLI is a command line client for pushing messages to gotify/server.It is not required to push messages. See alternatives. Stores token/url in a config file.
aria2 is a lightweight multi-protocol & multi-source command-linedownload utility. It supports HTTP/HTTPS, FTP, SFTP,BitTorrent and Metalink. aria2 can be manipulated via built-inJSON-RPC and XML-RPC interfaces.
Download
Download version 1.35.0.There you can download source distribution and binaries for OS X, Windows and Android.
The legacy releases earlier than 1.19.1 are availablehere.
Features
Multi-Connection Download.aria2 can download a filefrom multiple sources/protocols and tries to utilize yourmaximum download bandwidth. Really speeds up your downloadexperience.
Lightweight.aria2 doesn’t require much memory and CPU time. When disk cache isoff, the physical memory usage is typically 4MiB (normalHTTP/FTP downloads) to 9MiB (BitTorrent downloads). CPU usage inBitTorrent with download speed of 2.8MiB/sec is around 6%.
Fully Featured BitTorrent Client.All features you want in BitTorrent client are available: DHT,PEX, Encryption, Magnet URI, Web-Seeding, Selective Downloads,Local Peer Discovery and UDP tracker.
Metalink Enabled.aria2 supports The Metalink Download Description Format(aka Metalink v4),Metalink version 3 andMetalink/HTTP.Metalink offers the file verification, HTTP/FTP/SFTP/BitTorrent integrationand the various configurations for language, location, OS, etc.
Remote Control.aria2 supports RPC interface to control the aria2 process.The supported interfaces are JSON-RPC (over HTTP and WebSocket)and XML-RPC.
Usage Examples
Command-line scares you off? No, aria2 is really easy to use!!
Download from WEB:
Download from 2 sources:
Download using 2 connections per host:
BitTorrent:
BitTorrent Magnet URI:
Metalink:
Download URIs found in text file:
Related Projects
- apt-metalink: Faster package downloads for Debian/Ubuntu
- powerpill: Pacman wrapper for parallel and segmented downloads.
- python3-aria2jsonrpc: A wrapper class around Aria2’s JSON RPC interface.
- aria2.js: JavaScript (browsers and Node.js) library and cli for aria2 RPC
UI Frontends
- webui-aria2: Web browser interface for aria2 (2012 GSOC project)
- uGet: the Linux Download Manager
License
This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modifyit under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published bythe Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or (atyour option) any later version.
Linux users who want to run Windows applications without switching operating systems have been able to do so for years with Wine, software that lets apps designed for Windows run on Unix-like systems.
There has been no robust equivalent allowing Mac applications to run on Linux, perhaps no surprise given that Windows is far and away the world's most widely used desktop operating system. A developer from Prague named Luboš Doležel is trying to change that with 'Darling,' an emulation layer for OS X.
'The aim is to achieve binary compatible support for Darwin/OS X applications on Linux, plus provide useful tools that will aid especially in application installation,' Doležel's project page states. Darwin is Apple's open source operating system, which provides some of the backend technology in OS X and iOS. The name 'Darling' combines Darwin and Linux. Darling works by 'pars[ing] executable files for the Darwin kernel... load[ing] them into the memory... and execut[ing] them.'
But there is a ways to go. 'Darling needs to provide an ABI-compatible [application binary interface] set of libraries and frameworks as available on OS X... by either directly mapping functions to those available on Linux, wrapping native functions to bridge the ABI incompatibility, or providing a re-implementation on top of other native APIs,' the project page notes.
Doležel, who started Darling a year ago, described the project and its progress in an e-mail interview with Ars. Darling is in the early stages, able to run numerous console applications but not much else. 'These are indeed the easiest ones to get working, albeit 'easy' is not the right word to describe the amount of work required to achieve that,' Doležel said. 'Such applications include: Midnight Commander, Bash, VIM, or Apple's GCC [GNU Compiler Collection]. I know it doesn't sound all that great, but it proves that Darling provides a solid base for further work.'
Users must compile Darling from the source code and then 'use the 'dyld' command to run an OS X executable,' Doležel said. One roadblock is actually getting Mac .dmg and .pkg application files working on a Linux system. Because doing so isn't that straightforward, Doležel said, 'I've written a FUSE module that enables users to mount .dmg files under Linux directly and without root privileges. An installer for .pkg files is underway.'
Unix/Linux synergy
The fact that OS X is a Unix operating system provides advantages in the development process. 'This saved me a lot of work,' Doležel explained. 'Instead of implementing all the 'system' APIs, it was sufficient to create simple wrappers around the ones available on Linux. I had to check every function for ABI compatibility and then test whether my wrapper works, so it wasn't as easy as it may sound.'
Another lucky break not available to Wine developers is that Apple releases some of the low-level components of OS X as open source code, 'which helped a lot with the dynamic loader and Objective-C runtime support code,' Doležel noted.
But of course, the project is an extremely difficult one. Doležel isn't the first to try it, as Darling was initially based on a separate project called 'maloader.' Doležel said he heard from another group of people 'who started a similar project before but abandoned the idea due to lack of time.'
Doležel was actually a novice to OS X development when he started Darling, being more familiar with OS X from a user's perspective than a developer's perspective. 'I have personally looked for something like Darling before, before I realized I would have to start working on it myself,' he said.
Darling relies heavily on GNUstep, an open source implementation of Apple's Cocoa API. GNUstep provides several core frameworks to Darling, and 'the answer to 'can it run this GUI app?' heavily depends on GNUstep,' Doležel said. Doležel is the only developer of Darling, using up all his spare time on the project.
No reverse-engineering
Doležel isn't reverse-engineering Apple code, noting that it could be problematic in terms of licensing and also that 'disassembling Apple's frameworks wouldn't be helpful at all because Darling and the environment it's running in is layered differently than OS X.'
The development process is a painstaking one, done one application at a time. Doležel explains:
To improve Darling, I first take or write an application I'd like to have running. If it is someone else's application, I first examine it with one of the tools that come with Darling to see what frameworks and APIs it requires. I look up the APIs that are missing in Apple's documentation; then I create stub functions for them and possibly for the rest of the framework, too. (Stub functions only print a warning when they are called but don't do any real work.)
The next step is to implement all the APIs according to the documentation and then see how the application reacts. I also add trace statements into important functions to have an insight into what's happening. I believe this is very much like what Wine developers do.
When things go wrong, I have to use GDB [GNU Debugger] to debug the original application.
It is rather unfortunate that Apple's documentation is often so poorly written; sometimes I have to experiment to figure out what the function really does. Many OS X applications seem to contain complete pieces of example code from Apple's documentation, presumably because one would have to spend a lot of time getting to understand how the APIs interact. This is why I appreciate open source so much—when the documentation is sketchy, you can always look into the code.
Years of development are needed. Similar to Wine, 'Having a list of applications known to be working is probably the best way to go,' Doležel said.
Mac Interface For Linux
Darling should work on all Linux distributions, he said, with the catch that 'many apps for OS X are 32-bit only, and installing 32-bit packages on a 64-bit Linux system could be tricky depending on your distribution. I personally use Gentoo Linux, so I'm gradually creating a Portage overlay that would compile Darling and all dependencies for both 32-bit and 64-bit applications.'
Interface Mac Address Linux
Doležel would like to bring Angry Birds, other games, and multimedia applications to Linux. Darling could potentially 'be used to run applications compiled for iOS,' he writes on the project site. This will also be a challenge. 'The intention is to support the ARM platform on the lowest levels (the dynamic loader and the Objective-C runtime),' he writes. 'Rewriting the frameworks used on iOS is a whole different story, though.'